FIG ore mining range reflects interior thereof, topography and underground tunnel, geological formations and coal layer member space OCCURRENCE FIG. Mine maps are generally drawn according to the principle of elevation projection. The so-called elevation projection uses the horizontal plane as the projection surface, and vertically projects the feature points on the space object onto the projection surface, and marks the elevation of each feature point to form a plan. For example, the wellbore, drilling, and measurement control points of the mine are drawn according to the projection principle of the elevation of the point; the center of the roadway and the intersection of the coal and rock layers can be regarded as straight lines in the local area, and the coal level and fault plane are Partially visible as a plane. The following is a brief introduction to the basic methods of elevation projection of points, lines, and planes, and their mutual positional relationship. 1 point elevation projection From the point in the three-dimensional space to the projection surface (horizontal plane) as a vertical line and the elevation of the point at the foot, the elevation projection of the point is obtained. As shown in Figure 16-3. Therefore, the position of the point on the projection surface is determined only by its plane rectangular coordinates x, y, and the elevation position can only be determined by the value of the elevation next to the annotation. (a) (b) Figure 1-3 point elevation projection 2 line elevation projection (1) Line elevation projection representation The elevation projection of a line can be represented by a line connecting the elevations of two points on the line, or by a point on the line and a ray indicating the inclination (or slope) of the line. The two representations are shown in Figure 16-4. Figure 1-4 representation of the linear elevation projection          Figure 1-5 Relationship of each element of the space line (2) Straight elements and their relationship The actual length of the line is called the real length of the line, denoted by L; the length of the line projected on the horizontal plane is called the horizontal length of the line, also called the horizontal distance, denoted by D; the angle between the line and its projection line on the horizontal plane is called The inclination of the line is expressed by δ; the difference between the elevations of the points at both ends of the line is called the height difference of the line, and is represented by h; the ratio of the height difference h of the line to the horizontal distance D is called the slope of the line, also called the slope, expressed by i. . Figure 1-5 shows the elements of the spatial line. It can be seen from the figure that the following relationships exist between the elements: (3) The mutual position of the two lines of space The mutual positional relationship between the two lines of space is parallel, intersecting and staggered. If the elevation projections of the two lines of the space are parallel to each other, and the inclination directions are the same and the inclination angles are equal, the two straight lines of the space are parallel to each other (Fig. 1-6); if the elevation projections of the two lines intersect, and the elevation of the intersection is the same, the space two Straight lines intersect (Figure 1-7); if the two lines of space are neither parallel nor intersect, they will be staggered (see Figure 1-8). There are three cases of interlacing: 1 projection intersects, the elevation has two elevations; 2 projections are parallel and tend to be the same, but the inclination angles are not equal; 3 projections are parallel, tend to be opposite. (a) (b) Figure 1-6 Parallel lines of two spaces (a) (b) Figure 1-7 Intersection of spatial lines Figure 1-8 . Interlaced relationship of spatial lines 3 　 Planar elevation projection (1) Representation of plane elevation projection The elevation projection of a plane is represented by the projection of two contour lines on a plane on a horizontal plane. As shown in Fig. 1-9, in Fig. 1-9a, P is a space-inclined plane, H, S, and T are horizontal planes with elevations of 0, +10, and +20, respectively, and (b) is an elevation projection method of plane P. (a) (b) Figure 1-9 elevation projection of the plane (2) Three elements of the plane The direction, inclination and inclination of the plane are collectively referred to as the three elements of the plane. The three elements of the plane represent the spatial state of the plane, as shown in Figure 16-9a. The direction in which the contour line extends is called the plane of the plane (ie, AB in the figure); the line in the plane of inclination that is perpendicular to the contour line from high to low (ie, NM in the figure) is called the plane of the inclined line, the inclined line. The projection on the horizontal plane (ie nm in the figure) is called the trend line of the plane, the direction of the trend line is called the tendency of the plane; the angle between the trend line and the oblique line (ie β in the figure) is called the plane. The angle of inclination. Using the elevation projection to represent the plane also reflects the three elements of the plane. As shown in Figure 16-9b, the direction indicated by the arrow of the contour line is the direction of the plane; perpendicular to the contour line, the direction from high to low is the tendency of the plane; the height difference between the two contour lines corresponds to The inverse tangent of the ratio of the flat distance is the inclination of the plane. (3) mutual position of the two planes of space The mutual positional relationship between the two planes of space has two kinds of parallel and intersecting. If the contour lines of the two planes of the space are parallel to each other, tend to be the same, and the inclination angles are equal, they are parallel to each other, as shown in Figure 1-10. There are three cases in which two planes intersect in space: 1 The contours of the two planes are parallel and tend to be opposite. As shown in Figure 16-11, (a) is a plane projection and (b) is a section over the QQ line; Figure 1-10 Parallel relationship between two planes of space 2 The contour lines of the two planes are parallel, and the inclination is the same, but the inclination angles are not equal, as shown in Figure 1-12, (a) is the plane projection, and (b) is the plane of the plane tendency line; 3 The contours of the two planes intersect, as shown in Figure 1-13. When the two planes of the space intersect, the method of finding the intersection line on the elevation projection map is: for the third case, the intersection of the intersection points of the two plane contour lines is the intersection line thereof, as shown in ab of FIG. 1-13; In the first two cases and the second case, since the contour lines of the two planes are parallel, their intersection lines must also be parallel to the contour lines. At this time, as long as the vertical section is formed along the direction of the vertical contour on the elevation projection, the elevation at the intersection can be obtained, as shown in Fig. 16-11b and Fig. 16-12b. Figure 1-11 One of the cases where the two planes intersect Figure 1-12 The second case where the two planes intersect Figure 1-13 The third case where the two planes intersect (4) The mutual position of the space line and the plane The mutual positional relationship between the space line and the plane is: the line is in the plane, the line is parallel to the plane, and the line intersects the plane. If there are two points on the line in the plane, the line is in the plane, as shown in Figure 16-14; if the line is not in the plane, but parallel to a line in the plane, the line is parallel to the plane, as shown in Figure 16-15; If the line is neither in the plane nor parallel to the plane, the line intersects the plane, as shown in Figure 16-16a. When the line intersects the plane, the intersection can be obtained by making a vertical section along the straight line, as shown in Figure 16-16b. Figure 1-14 The space line is in the plane. Figure 1-15 The space line is parallel to the plane. (a) (b) Figure 1-16 Space line intersects the plane Tin Making Machine,Metal Can Production Line,Tin Can Machine For Sale,Square Tin Making Machine Price Zhoushan Golden Wing Machinery Co., Ltd. , https://www.goldenwingmachine.com
The basic principle of mine map drawing
November 09, 2021