A shell and tube heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that is commonly used for heating, cooling and condensing applications. lt consists of a shell with an internal bundle of tubes,which allows the hot and cold fluids to pass through the walls of the exchanger and exchange their energy. Shell and tube exchangers are classified in several ways, including design, operational construct, and construction materials. Mainly Fixed Tube Heat Exchanger, Floating Head Heat Exchanger, U-tube Heat Exchanger, and double tube heat exchanger.
The working principle of a shell and tube heat exchanger is relatively simple. The system is designed with two separate flows on either side of the heat exchanger. The primary flow of the hot fluid passes through the tubes, while the secondary flow of the cold fluid passes through the spaces between the tubes. Heat is then transferred from the hot side to the cold side via conduction, leading to an exchange of temperatures.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are normally used in process plants and used in a wide range of applications. A case in point is the cooling of condensates in refineries and nuclear power plants. In this application, condensate is heated using an external source and passed through the tube section of the heat exchanger. This condensate is then cooled and condensed as it passes through the shell side, where the heat is transferred to a cooling medium such as water, steam or oil.
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Four years ago, Hubei was included in the national strategy of the rise of Central China, and Wuhan gained a golden opportunity for comprehensive urban construction. In the same year, many outdoor lighting companies in China have entered the Wuhan market one after another, with the intention of taking a slice of the big cake of engineering lighting.
Today, four years later, the market tends to be saturated, the engineering lighting construction plan is becoming more complete, and the days of subsidies are gradually coming to an end. The rapid development of LED outdoor lighting is gradually slowing down.
Among the many terminal distributors that mainly focus on LED outdoor lighting, most of them have gradually felt that the LED market balance began to tilt towards home lighting. All kinds of outdoor light categories fill the storefront, but it is difficult to effectively open the market. In the face of the increasingly difficult situation, the market is calmly seeking a broken road under the shackles.
The quality short board highlights energy saving and emission reduction, which is a major theme of urban engineering construction. LED lighting is born with inherent advantages. Xu Zhihe, general manager of Hubei Gaotai Clean Energy Co., Ltd. said.
According to relevant statistics, the main application areas of LED outdoor lighting are landscape lighting and road lighting. In the early days, because of the need for urban lighting, landscape lighting projects have always been the leader. But with the rapid development of the city, road lighting catches up and goes hand in hand with landscape lighting.
However, with the rapid expansion of LED road lighting, the problem has surfaced. The first is the quality of the power supply, the relevant standards are not clear, resulting in constant power problems, the life of the LED is naturally greatly affected. Xu Zhihe said.
Not only that, some inferior LED street lights frequently appear, directly affecting the buyer's confidence in the entire LED street light; in addition, because the cost of LED street lamps is high, the cost is 2-3 times higher than that of traditional street lamps, and the whole The pressure on the LED road lighting market has doubled.
The unevenness of upstream production companies has also caused frequent problems with LED streetlights.
Some core technical problems are not solved, which often directly determines the quality of LED lamps. Some LEDs have a low color rendering index, and light colors may give people an unnatural feeling. Xu Zhihe added.
In the major lighting market, both the buyer and the seller have discovered that LED outdoor lighting products are showing a faster shrinking trend compared with traditional lighting. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure the stability of the quality of LED lighting products. Zhang Ke, technical director of Wuhan Qijumei Outdoor Lighting Co., Ltd. analyzed.
However, from the adoption rate of various fields at this stage, there is still a long way to go before LED road lighting is fully popularized.
To ensure the stability of the lighting quality, if it seems simple, it will be a lot of problems.
First of all, we must consider the heat dissipation problem. The direct result of poor heat dissipation is the increase of light decay and the shortening of service life. LED outdoor lighting uses high-power, high-brightness light sources. It is especially important to design heat-dissipating modules according to the climate and dryness of different regions. Zhang Ke said.
In an effort to break through the dilemma, Wuhan City has adopted the intelligent zoning and time-sharing management of the East Lake Lighting Project to become a model for LED outdoor lighting projects.
The entire East Lake lighting project has more than 10,000 assembled and used lamps. Nearly ten types of LED lamps, such as LED lawn lamps, floodlights and garden lamps, are distinguished according to the functions and categories of roads and landscapes. Since the entire project body is in a large part of the water area, strict requirements are also imposed on the LED lamp process standards.
The reporter learned from a person involved in the design of the East Lake lighting project that the protection standards for general LED lamps are set at IP54 protection level, while the underwater lamps are upgraded to IP68. It seems that LED products have technical advantages in urban outdoor lighting applications.
When it comes to the successful case of LED outdoor lighting, I have to mention the green lighting project in Hankou River Beach. The advantage of this project lies in the improvement of the power supply. The landscape lighting of Hankou River Beach Phase I and II has all adopted the solar power supply system. The light source of the lamps in the river beach all adopt LED light source.
Although outdoor lighting projects abound in Wuhan, the reality is that lighting companies that can receive key projects in this city are closely related to government departments, or local enterprises supported by local governments.
In terms of bidding, there are some tricks that may not be secret to the industry. Xu Zhihe said straightforwardly.
Faced with such a dilemma, some of the smaller LED outdoor lighting dealers have turned their attention to the more rapid development of prefecture-level cities. With the development of the economy in these cities, the transformation of urban lighting projects has become urgent. This may be a very good way for dealers with an anarchic background.
At present, not only LED outdoor lighting, the entire lighting industry is deeply aware of the importance of channel construction. Only indoor lighting and commercial lighting have a better chance of infiltrating into counties and towns, while LED outdoor lighting products have limited digestive capacity in counties and towns. It seems that LED outdoor lighting will take more time to get wider and wider.
March 01, 2024