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The filling of the mining house is mainly formed by the following methods: (1) returning to the mining room by filling method; (2) filling the mining room after the empty field method. When mining medium-thick and thick ore bodies, the reserves of the pillars generally reach 30% to 60% of the reserves of the ore, mostly for ores with higher value and grade.
According to the filling materials used, it can be divided into: (1) cemented filling mine; (2) non-cement filling (waste rock, water sand) filling mine; (3) waste rock or water sand filling with concrete partition . Filling materials, filling quality and backfill strength directly affect the choice of mining method.
In the 1950s, the mines were all filled with dry filling, and correspondingly, the caving method was used to return to the mining column. Since the 1970s, with the use of water sand filling and cementation filling, the selection of the mining method has been expanded, and the caving method has been largely replaced by the filling method and the empty field method.
The general correspondence between the pillar recovery method and the mine filling type is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 General correspondence between mine filling type and pillar mining method
Mine filling type
Available pillar recovery method
Cement filling
House column method, stage mining method, retention method, filling method
Non-cemented filling
Caving method, filling method (a few cases for topping column)
Non-cemented filling with concrete partition
Filling method
When the filling type of the mine is the same, the following method should be adopted for the mining column method (plan): (1) the stability of the ore and surrounding rock; (2) the dip angle and shape of the ore body, and the variation characteristics of the contact line of the rock; 3) grade and value of ore; (4) whether the surface needs maintenance; (5) mining method and filling material of the mine; (6) mining status in the previous stage.
Pay attention to the mining method, the mining method, the filling material and the reasonable matching between the strength. Under the premise of ensuring the basic goal of filling the mine, it is reasonable to save the filling cost, adapt to the mine ground pressure control, simplify the production and technical management, and facilitate the mining of the mine pillars in proportion.
Generally, the top and bottom columns should be taken first, and then the columns should be taken.
October 28, 2021