Scientists from Moscow Institute of Physics and their colleagues have developed a new compact and powerful ceramic laser that will be used as a minimally invasive and inexpensive laser scalpel for surgery, It can also be used for cutting and carving composite materials. The research results have been published in the "Optical Express." Today, lasers have been used in every aspect: consumer electronics, medicine, metallurgy, metrology, meteorology and many others. The generation of the laser beam is due to the stimulated emission effect in the active medium, where the active medium may be gas, liquid, crystal, or glass. The wavelength of the laser and the efficiency with which the energy is converted into radiation depend on the parameters of the active medium. Ivan Obronov, a researcher at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and his colleague from the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and IRE-Polus, used a ceramic-doped oxide (Tm3 +: Lu2O3) from rare earth- . The ceramic is able to produce laser radiation is one of the plutonium ions. "Ceramics are a very promising type of laser medium because they are made from sintered powder to make a polycrystalline body that is much cheaper and easier to fabricate than single crystals and is very important for large-scale applications. In addition, It is easy to change the chemical composition of a ceramic, changing the characteristics of the laser, "Obronov explains. They developed lasers that convert more than 50% of their energy into radiation, compared to about 20% for other types of solid-state lasers, and produce wavelengths of about 2 microns (1966 nm and 2064 nm) for infrared radiation. . This wavelength is why this laser is so useful for medical purposes. "Most common infrared laser emits laser light with a wavelength of about 1 micron, which is absorbed by the human body so little that it can penetrate into biological tissues, resulting in coagulation and large areas of" dead "tissue. Work at specific depths, which is why the 2-μm laser is used because they do not damage the underlying tissue, "Obronov said. According to him, doctors typically use 2-micron lamp-pump holmium lasers, but these devices are expensive, rather bulky, and have poor reliability. "Ceramic lasers have a significant competitive advantage, they are cheaper to manufacture, simpler and more reliable, and about four times smaller than holmium lasers, so they will be ideal for surgery," said Obronov. Another potential application of ceramic lasers is the composite industry. The widely used 1-μm lasers are good at cutting metals, but the polymers are almost transparent to them. On the other hand, 2-micron ceramic lasers can effectively cut and engrave plastics, such as composites and the like. "Composites are increasingly being used to produce technical equipment like airplanes." Almost all of Russia's MS-21 aircraft have composite wings. Ceramic lasers can also be used as a useful tool in the production industry, "concludes Obronov.
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January 06, 2024