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Facing the turning point, reshaping the LED phosphor industry In the past two years, there have been some important changes in the LED market. The LED lighting application has achieved significant development, and the Chinese LED industry has also begun to rise. For LED phosphors, nitride phosphors are still the main red phosphor for high CRI (color rendering index) illumination and wide color gamut display applications. Despite the limitations of various patents, phosphor suppliers are still very profitable. However, there is now a new material on the market, namely tetravalent manganese-doped potassium fluorosilicate developed by GE (General Electric), and Denka (Japan Electrochemistry), Nichia (Japan Nichia), GE The company has already achieved mass production of the material. This new material benefits from its extremely narrow spectral band or can challenge the dominant role of nitride phosphors in display applications. Quantum dot technology has benefited from its design flexibility (adjustable emission wavelength) and a very narrow emission spectral band, which has emerged in the market and is a very reliable alternative for display applications. YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) phosphors are still the best yellow phosphors for white LED applications. However, its use is limited by Nichia's strong patent protection. Silicate phosphors are the best alternative to YAG phosphors, but they are still inferior in performance. Since 2017, as key patents for YAG phosphors have expired one by one and their prices have fallen significantly below alternatives, we expect YAG phosphors to dominate the entire phosphor market by 2020, while silicate phosphors Unless breakthroughs are made in terms of performance and cost, their market share will be significantly reduced. Phosphor patents are an important force affecting the LED industry. More than 70 patent litigation cases involving phosphors in about 50 companies have had a major impact on the entire LED industry. The entire LED industry has already prepared for the failure of those basic patents. This will help newcomers like Chinese LED packaging companies expand their overseas markets. At the same time, Everlight has been working hard to invalidate most of Nichia's basic patents. Osram and Nichia continue to strengthen their patent influence through patent litigation. BOSE Alliance (around 2000, Toyoda Gosei and Austrian Tridonic Jennersdorf, Germany) The Barium Ortho-Silicate Europium Alliance, which was formed by Leuchtstoffwerk Breitungen and Litec GbR, continues to expand its patent licensing program by licensing its silicate phosphor patents to many Chinese LED packaging companies. Global Patent Application Trends for Phosphors and Quantum Dots in LED Applications As of September 2015, more than 7,510 patents have been issued for the worldwide publication of phosphors and quantum dots for LED applications. Among them, the first batch of patents were applied by Japanese companies (Mitsubishi, Matsushita, Nichia, Toshiba, National Institute of Materials Research, etc.). During the period from 2003 to 2007, after Nichia developed the first high-brightness GaN blue LED, the number of patent applications in this field began to rise sharply. The second wave of patent application climax began in 2010. The patent applications were mainly from AOT (Taiwan Rongchuang), Samsung and Stanley Electric (Stanley Electric, Japan). The patents applied mainly focused on the composition of phosphors, and the technical trends were the same, but Development is slower. Chinese LED phosphor companies such as Sunfor Light (Sichuan Xinli) are just entering the patent stage of LED phosphors and quantum dots. Overall, the peak of patent applications appeared in 2013, and the trend of patent application growth began to slow down from 2013. At the same time, with the approval of a large number of pending patent examinations, the number of authorized patents worldwide should show an increasing trend. We expect the number of patent applications to be driven by innovations in nitride phosphors or new material phosphors to achieve continued growth. These new material phosphors, such as quaternary manganese-activated phosphors or quantum dot phosphors, are far from the maturity of their technology, and their commercial applications have just begun, such as in the field of displays. OSRAM-related patent litigation and licensing key suppliers
February 10, 2024