Root morphology and function of rice are controlled by the soil environment. Regulation of rice root must regulate many factors of soil water and gas heat. Previous studies on root effects of soil temperature, mineral nutrients, rice straw compost have been conducted. Cold rotted fields use ridge ridge cultivation methods to improve the soil's high reduction traits and improve root function. The research results are quite noticeable at home and abroad. In order to explore the mechanism and reliable approach of rice root regulation, this experiment used soil culture method to study the effects of fertilizer rate, fertilization method and strong reducing soil environment on rice root morphology and function, and its relationship with yield. 1 Materials and Methods The research was carried out in the rice and wheat research institute's net room and cultured in plastic buckets. The inner diameter of the barrel is 28cm, the height is 28cm, and the soil thickness of the paddy field is 20cm. The test rice variety is Shanyou 63. Six treatments with different fertilization amount, fertilization method, and strong reducing soil environment are shown in Table 1. Each barrel is treated with 5 barrels per barrel. One strain. In the first 6 weeks after the rice was transplanted, 150g of flour per infusion was disintegrated in the first week and the fourth week, resulting in the decomposition of a large amount of CH4#H2S and organic acids to form a highly reducing soil environment. The rice was sown on March 18, 1999. On April 18, 6 leaves were transplanted, on July 15th, and on August 15th. After the transplanting, the leaf age and stem number of the main stem were observed once a week until the booting. During the full heading stage, 2 treatments were used to determine the flow rate of 2 strains. During the mature period, 3 rice yields and their composition were examined. The dry matter weight of each organ in the above ground was measured, and the rooted soil was taken out, and the soil was taken as 0~5, 5~10, 10~. 15, 15 ~ 20cm transversely cut into 4 layers, washed pure soil to obtain a root sample, and then determine the root volume, fresh weight, dry weight and total length of each level. The total root length was determined using Newman's straight line cut method. The total root length divided by the volume of the soil gives the root length density. 2 Results and Analysis 2.1 Effect of Fertilization on Root Morphology and Function It can be seen that in the three N levels, the N-level root system with 1m2 N18g is the most developed and the function is the highest; the high N level is the second; the low N level is the least root and the function is the lowest. The total root dry weight, volume, total length, and injurious flow rate (measured by the index of root function) were as low as 80%, 70%, and 47% of the N levels. The data shows that at low N levels, root function The reduction was even more pronounced than the reduction in root dry weight, suggesting that when N deficiency, the root physiological activity (measured by the severity of the injury) is more significantly inhibited than the root amount. Interestingly, low N levels have a tendency to induce roots to stretch downward. The root volume below 5~20 cm is 55% of the total roots, while the high and middle N levels are only 48%. 49%. For the same treatment with N18g per square meter, the second treatment with P4g and K18g per square meter was higher than the fifth treatment without PK fertilizer, and the dry weight, volume, total length and wound flow of the roots increased by 11% and 10% respectively. 8% and 35%. However, in the fifth treatment without applying PK fertilizer in the middle level, the root and root functions were significantly higher than the low N level and the third treatment of the PK fertilizer was applied. PK imposes greater constraints on root morphology and function. 2.2 Effects of Fertilization Methods on Root Morphology and Function The same amount of fertilizer (1m2 N18g, P4g, K182.2 fertilization method on the effect of root morphology and function g), the second treatment within 2 weeks after transplanting 2/3 of N fertilizer, 1/2 K fertilizer With all P fertilizers, 1/3 of N fertilizer and 1/2 of K fertilizer were applied at the early stage of young panicle differentiation to form a balanced fertilization method with both the front and middle stages. In the fifth treatment, all N, P, and K fertilizers were used. Focus on the application within 2 weeks after transplanting, forming / tapping 0 fertilization method. The results (Tables 2~4) showed that the balanced fertilization method was more conducive to promoting root development, root dry weight, volume, total length, and wound flow rate, and was 17%, 18%, and 12% higher than the ratio of tip/head fertilization, respectively. And 36%, the difference is very significant. 2.3 Effect of Strong Reducing Soil Environment on Root Morphology and Function Artificially created a sixth treatment of highly reducing soil environment, the results (Table 2~4) see: strong reducing soil conditions severely inhibited the root morphology development and function, root dry weight, volume, total length and wound flow Only 70%, 78%, 52%, and 43%, respectively, of the second treatment, of which the suppression of the total root length and root function was the greatest. Analysing the pattern of roots at each level also shows: Strong reducing conditions inhibited the lower roots more than the upper ones. Therefore, the root volume of the lower layer distributed in the 5-20 cm soil layer only accounted for 42%-44% of the total root volume, but distributed in the 0-5cm soil layer. The upper root volume accounts for 58% to 56% of the total root volume. It should be pointed out that in field cultivation, the root volume of rice decreases with a negative exponential curve as the distribution depth in soil culture is deepened, but in the plastic cultivation conditions of the experiment, the roots of the roots of the lower layer are each processed. The weight, volume, total length, and root length density are greater than the root system above it. The reason may be that the bottom of the barrel contains more dissolved oxygen, which promotes the extraordinary growth of the root system of the layer. 2.4 Effect of root morphology and function on rice yield and its composition The differences in root morphology and function between different treatments resulted in differences in rice yield and its composition, as shown in Tables 2 and 4: The root volume of the N and N treatments was the highest, the function was the highest, and the yield was also the highest; The root volume and function of the treatment followed, and the yield was also followed, but its yield composition was obviously different. In the high N nutrition, the tillers swelled with a large number of spikes, and the number of grains per panicle decreased sharply, and the seed setting rate and the 1000-grain weight were also increased. Reduced; roots and functions of treatments with low N concentrations significantly deteriorated, yields also decreased significantly, and their yield composition characteristics are exactly the opposite of high N distribution treatments. Application of PK fertilizer is not applied PK fertilizer, balanced fertilization method / head 0 fertilization method, but also due to relatively developed root morphology, root function is relatively high, and the corresponding increase in yield. The strong reduction of the soil environment has the least amount of roots, the weakest root function, and the lowest yield, with a low number of panicles, small panicles, poor fruiting, and light grain. Related Instrument Introduction: Root Analyzer Root Analysis System Oil Palm High Lift Truck,Multi Purpose Truck High Lift,Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinder Truck,Hydraulic Cylinder Truck FUZHOU RICHLUX TRADING CO.,LTD , https://www.richautoparts.com
August 05, 2021