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Conductive media are characterized by the existence of many unbound free charges. For metals, these charges are electrons, and their movement constitutes an electric current. Therefore, the conductivity of metals is very large, and the charge density at several times can be very fast. The ground attenuation is not zero, and it can be considered that the charge density in the metal is zero. In actual metals, conductive electrons collide with lattices or defects that undergo thermal turbulence, and the incident light wave energy is irreversibly converted into Joule heat. Therefore, the light waves of the laser cutting machine are strongly absorbed when they propagate in the metal.
When the light shines on the clean polished metal surface, the free electrons in the metal will be forced to vibrate under the action of the electromagnetic wave field of the light wave to generate secondary waves. These secondary waves constitute strong reflection waves and weak transmission waves. Waves are absorbed quickly.
From the perspective of physical optics, the refractive index of a metal material is a complex number. When the light wave propagates in a metal, the propagation distance at which the defined light wave amplitude is attenuated to 1/e of the surface amplitude is the penetration depth, which is less than the wavelength order. If a material is transparent, its penetration depth must be greater than its thickness. Visible light waves can only penetrate into a thin layer of the metal surface, so usually the metal is opaque. /
The effect of metal on light waves is strong absorption and strong reflection. Strong absorption refers to the fact that within the depth of penetration less than the order of wavelength, the electrons in the metal transform the incident light wave energy into Joule heat, but since the penetration depth is small, the total energy dissipated by the electrons is small. Strong reflection refers to the fact that the surface of the book is much more reflective than the transparent medium, and most of the incident energy is reflected by the metal surface. Due to their different free electron density, various metals have different light-wave reflection capabilities. In general, the greater the free electron density, ie, the higher the conductivity, the higher the reflectivity.
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August 08, 2024