60 years passed the milestone of China's auto industry

It takes 53 years for China’s auto industry to produce 3 million vehicles from zero to span, and it takes 7 years to reach an annual output of 3 million vehicles to reach an annual output of 10 million vehicles.

In October 1949, the preparatory group for the Machine Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry began preparations for the construction of the automobile industry. In December of the same year, Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai met with the Soviet leaders in Moscow and agreed on a number of key projects for Soviet assistance to China (156 items). This includes building a car factory.

Obviously, the starting point for China's auto industry began with preparations (October 1949), almost the same period as the birth of New China. Previously, China had only auto repairs and a small number of auto repair parts imitation production. If it is marked by the history of FAW Construction (July 1953) and the first domestic auto production line (July 1956), the Chinese auto industry was born 56 years and put into production 53 years.

The preparation of China's auto industry coincides with the establishment of a new China in the same year. It is enough to show that the leaders of the Party and the country and the government departments have great concern and high hopes for the auto industry. Compared with the developed countries of the world auto industry, the construction of the Chinese auto industry is late. For more than half a century, but compared with other industries in the field of industrial construction in China, it still belongs to the first batch of key industrial construction projects that are arranged synchronously. Chinese automakers are proud of this and are also deeply responsible for the heavy responsibility.

In the 60 years since the founding of New China, the Chinese auto industry has grown from slow growth, rapid growth, rapid growth to rapid growth, and has experienced four breakthroughs in its annual output of more than 1 million vehicles, 2 million vehicles, 3 million vehicles and 10 million vehicles.

After 43 years, annual production exceeded 1 million vehicles

The signing of the construction of the first automobile factory built by the Soviet Union on July 15, 1953, opened a great initiative for the construction of the Chinese automobile industry; the first production line of domestic liberation vehicles on July 13, 1956, ended. The history of China cannot make cars by itself.

In order to change the situation of the production of a single model, FAW took the lead in designing its own car with reference to a foreign prototype. After diligent practice, it successfully produced the first domestic Dongfeng brand sedan in May 1958 and sent it to Zhongnanhai in Beijing for the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. During the tribute, Chairman Mao Zedong and other leaders of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council watched the trials. Chairman Mao Zedong happily praised and said, "Come on the sedan that we made."

In July 1958, FAW piloted the first prototype of a domestically produced Hongqi luxury sedan. In September 1959, 35 Red Flag limousines were sent to Beijing. Six of them participated in the 10th Anniversary of the National Day Parade, and 2 red flag lift cars. Providing national leaders with military parade and riding became an important chapter in the history of China's auto industry.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Beijing and Shanghai also successively designed, trial-produced and produced domestically-made cars with reference to foreign prototypes. FAW designed and developed liberated three-axis off-road vehicles, while Nanjing Automobile imitation produced Yuejin-brand light-duty trucks. It designed and manufactured its own brand of light-weight off-road vehicles with the Beijing brand, and Jishui made pilot production of the Yellow River brand heavy-duty trucks with reference to foreign models.

In the late 1960s, during the implementation of the central government’s policy of “giving both central and local enthusiasm” and “building a local industrial system”, the boom in automobile production began to spread throughout the country, and almost all of them were modeled on duplicated production and repeated production of domestic models.

In the national implementation of the "adjusted first-line, three-line construction" of the industrial layout and the "three five" plan overall deployment, domestic self-designed, domestic self-manufactured equipment "jubao" and the old factory Baojian new plant, a small factory to build a big plant " Bao Jian” method, building the second automobile manufacturing plant (now “Dongfeng Motor Company”) and successively arranging the construction of Sichuan Automobile Manufacturing Plant (now “Shangqi Iveco Hongyan”) and Shaanxi Automobile Manufacturing Plant (now “Shaanxi Heavy” Group ") and Shaanxi Automobile Gear Factory (now "Faest Shaanxi").

Before and after the 1970s, passenger cars and special-purpose vehicles were rapidly developed and formed the trend of development in small batches, varieties, and specialization.

Starting from the 1980s, the proportion of product structure of commercial vehicles (light, medium, and heavy-duty trucks) was adjusted, and the production of mini vehicles was gradually developed. Tianjin (Tianqi), Liuzhou (Liuwei), Harbin (Hafei), and Jilin (Jiqi) were gradually formed. ), Chongqing (Changan), Jiangxi (Changhe) and Shaanxi (Hanjiang) a total of 7 mini-car production plants.

In the mid-1980s, FAW "liberation," "Nanjing Automobile" "Yuejin" and Jiqi "Yellow River" products were upgraded and upgraded to complete the technical transformation of the factory, marking the end of the "three decades of consistent system" of automotive products.

In August 1987, the State Council’s Beidaihe Conference clearly proposed the construction of three production sites for FAW, China Auto, and Shanghai. It further confirmed that car production should be based on the principles of “high starting point, high volume, and specialization”, focusing on the production of parts and components. Related industries, accelerate the increase of localization rate.

In the early 1990s, the auto industry ended its production pattern of “deficient, light, and almost empty cars.” The management system further reformed toward a market economy, rationalized production relations, and managed “triple play” from industry management, economic entities, and private services. The transition of the system to the "three separations" took their respective responsibilities and ended the history of managing enterprises with administrative methods alone.

In 1992, the national automobile production exceeded 1 million (1.062 million) cars, including 163,000 cars, which accounted for 15.34% of the total national automobile production; and the national civil car ownership amounted to 6,917,400, of which 1.182 million were private cars. 17.08% of total holdings.

After 8 years, the annual output exceeded 2 million vehicles

In September 1985, the "7th Five-Year Plan" proposal put forward by the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party for the first time put forward: "According to the requirements for accelerating the construction of transportation, we must regard the automobile manufacturing industry as an important pillar industry and strive for a larger development." .

In April 1986, the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" passed by the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress put forward: "Make the automobile manufacturing industry an important pillar industry."

In October 1992, the Party’s 14th National Congress further established the status of “developing the automobile manufacturing industry and making it the pillar industry of the national economy”.

Afterwards, under the guidance and participation of the national leaders, the "Auto Industry Industrial Policy" was written in May 1994. It was promulgated and implemented in July 1994. It became the first policy regulation of the Chinese automobile industry, and it was also the country's industrial industry. A policy rule signifies that China's auto industry has entered a new historical stage.

"Comrade Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour Speech" was published. Like a strong spring breeze, all walks of life were deeply educated and greatly encouraged, and they strengthened their belief in deepening reform and sustainable development.

According to relevant information, during the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period (1991-2000), the investment in the national automobile industry was 172.38 billion yuan, accounting for 0.85% of the total investment in the country. It was accumulated for the 38 years (1953-1990) of the automobile industry. Invested 27.72 billion yuan 6.2 times.

The growth rate of production increased rapidly. In 2000, the national automobile production exceeded 2 million (2.068 million), and the global ranking rose to the eighth place, among which: 1.65 million commercial vehicle production, ranked third in the world; production of 608,000 cars, global ranking Number 13.

The production concentration has increased significantly, and economies of scale have begun to take shape. In 1998, 14 enterprise groups (companies) produced 1.485 million vehicles, accounting for 91.21% of the country’s total annual production. Among them: 3 vehicles with an annual output of more than 190,000 units (FAW, Shanghai) , Dongfeng), with an annual output of more than 60,000 6 (Tianjin, Chang'an, Liu Wei, Changhe, Beijing, Yuejin); 14 companies (companies) produced cars, accounting for 31.14% of the country's output that year.

The product structure tends to be reasonable, and marketing develops and grows. In 2000, the ratio of trucks, buses, and cars was changed from 59.25.67:15.33% when it crossed 1 million vehicles in 1992 to 36.4:34.1:29.5%, which is close to the “three-points” situation. Diesel vehicles account for The proportion of total production rose from 14.89% to 29.7%.

The consumption of automobiles was gradually changed from the purchase of public funds by the government and the group to private purchases. Private purchases reached over 50% in 2000, and private purchases of cars, minivans and medium-sized trucks rose faster.

In 2000, the number of civil cars in the country was 16,081,100, private ownership was 6,253,300 (among which, 3,600,900 buses and passenger cars), accounting for 38.86%; private ownership was 12.71 vehicles/thousand, of which 2.78/1,000 were cars.

During this period, China actively adopted international standards and foreign advanced standards and promoted the implementation of laws and regulations. The focus was on the revision and issuance of mandatory standards for automobiles and motorcycles, providing scientific basis for the integration of Chinese automobile and motorcycle products with international standards. Orderly management.

After 2 years, the annual output exceeded 3 million vehicles

In the 21st century, China's accession to the WTO, China's auto industry to deepen reform, and vigorously promote strategic adjustment, exploration and practice of corporate mergers and mergers and assets to accelerate the pace of restructuring.

The product structure is further optimized to form a new automobile industry system with 3 large enterprise groups as the leader and 16 key enterprise groups (companies) as the main force. The overall size, comprehensive strength and core competition of the three large enterprise groups of FAW, Dongfeng and SAIC Strengthened.

In 2002, the national automobile production exceeded 3 million (325.36 million, a year-on-year increase of 38.4%), and the global ranking rose to the fifth place, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France; three large enterprise groups produced 6.6664 million cars, accounting for the entire year The total output of 51.21%, 16 key enterprise groups (companies) produced 2,910,300 vehicles, accounting for 89.45% of the country's total production that year.

The total number of vehicles used in the country is 20,531,700, and private ownership is 9,698,800 (of which, 6,273,600 are passenger cars and cars), accounting for 47.19%.

The number of agricultural vehicles in the country totaled 2,590,800, including 386,900 in four rounds and 2,203,900 in three rounds.

The country produced 12.92 million motorcycles, of which: 3.387 million were exported. So far, the production of auto parts has grown along with the growth of the auto industry, and it has cultivated a group of competitive parts companies.

After 7 years, annual output exceeded 10 million vehicles

From 2003 to 2009, the automotive industry and automotive-related industries successfully passed the five-year grace period granted by China to the automotive industry. In the meantime, in June 2004, approved by the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission presided over the implementation of the new "automotive industry development policy," and the government's policy measures on the management of the automobile industry have been successively formulated and introduced.

Foreign automakers have separately adopted the method of capital increase and capital injection to jointly build new projects, and have established new Sino-foreign joint venture automobile projects. The number of foreign-owned foreign-funded enterprises in China has increased quietly, especially for key parts and components projects. The joint development of independent brands by Sino-foreign joint ventures has seen the dawn.

In the 863 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, the "15th Five-year Plan" major project for electric vehicles, the "10th Five-Year Plan" clean car project and the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" energy saving and new energy vehicle major projects, as well as the development strategy of China's auto energy power system Promoted and implemented preliminary results - provided 350 energy-saving and new energy vehicles of various models to the Beijing Olympic Games, and launched pilot projects for electric city buses in the "Ten Cities in Thousand Cities" (already classified as 13 cities). .

The independent R&D powertrain has achieved results, and the adoption of advanced technologies and upgrading of engine products has reached a new level. These include: hydrogen internal combustion engines for Chang'an Automobile, state IV commercial vehicle diesel engines for Nanjing Iveco, and commercial 4D22E III for Weichai Power. Car diesel engine, China Heavy Duty Truck inline pump + EGR (electronically controlled exhaust gas recirculation system) State III heavy commercial vehicle diesel engine, Yuchai YC6L-50 V diesel engine, Chery's 1.8T turbocharged engine, Geely CVVT engine, FAW Xichai's 12.5L State III Common Rail EFI Diesel Engine, Shangchai's 9L State IV Diesel Engine, etc.

The representative products of the technical progress of auto parts are FAW's AMT tiptronic transmissions (for passenger cars, Aowei and J6 heavy-duty trucks), Shaanxi Fast transmissions, universal chassis components, and Zhejiang Ruili's electricity. Eddy current retarder, Shijiazhuang Jiule airbag, Zhejiang Wanan ABS, Zhejiang Asia Pacific brake, Hunan Rongda CVT, and National Development and Reform Commission organized 12 domestic companies to jointly develop DCT (dual clutch automatic transmission) , Geely's BMBS (tire monitoring and safety control system) and so on. However, the core technologies for electronic parts and information of auto parts are still far from those of foreign countries.

The full-loaded bodywork of passenger car manufacturing technology, high-end large-size passenger cars of Ankai, Yutong, Jinlong (Xiamen, Suzhou), Zhongda, Guilin Daewoo and other companies have all been adopted; the city’s bus rapid transit bus (BRT) has been recognized and favored by the market. The special automobile manufacturing technology has been improved and improved, and the prospects for market development are promising. The safety of self-owned brand cars has been significantly improved. Through the C-NCAP (China New Vehicle Evaluation Procedure) crash test evaluation, some models have been upgraded from three-star. At the four-star and five-star level, it is constantly improving its own brand image.

The total vehicle export volume in 2007 was the highest level in history. It was the second year that the export of auto vehicles was greater than the import volume. The export volume was 614,000, and the number of trucks, cars and minibuses (less than 9 seats) accounted for the total number of exported vehicles. 80%; the top 5 export countries and regions are Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, and Algeria, which account for 36.7% of the total number of exported vehicles; the larger exporters are Chery, Great Wall, China National Heavy Duty Truck, and FAW, etc. The export value of 10 auto companies accounts for 40% of the total amount of auto exports, and the self-owned brand has become the main model of export.

Automobile parts exports, automotive tires, automotive electronics and instrumentation, and unlisted parts and components are predominant. The export of automotive products is mainly in the three regions of Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. Its export value accounts for nearly 90% of the total export value, and it begins to export to South America and the European Union.

The main problems existing in the export of automotive products are the lack of understanding of the international market operations and the laws and regulations of relevant countries, as well as the low-end models and domestic and foreign export agents, low-price competition, low export concentration, and non-tariffs. Questioned barriers; the product structure of auto parts exports is also dominated by medium and low-grade, low-value-added products; due to the appreciation of the renminbi and the impact of the international financial crisis, the export of automobiles and auto parts will have a certain impact, in the long run. There is still a large export market space.

The restructuring of the domestic auto industry involves many areas of product, technology, management, and organization. "Tianyi restructuring" and "Southern cooperation" have played a typical role. The structural adjustment of the automobile industry will surely be further promoted, making it an important link in the development strategy of the Chinese automobile industry from being a big producer and seller of the world automobile industry to an industrial powerful country.

In 2008, the country’s automobile production exceeded 9 million vehicles (9.3451 million vehicles), of which: 6,673,700 cars, accounting for 72.09% of the total automobile production of the country; and the national civil car ownership volume was 50.52 million, of which: 35.10 million were private cars. , which accounted for 69.47% of the total holdings.

The national automobile production in 2009 is forecast to exceed 10 million vehicles. At this point, the number of car manufacturers increased from 6 in the “Three Big Three” to 39. This leap, 7 years after the last leap, was a leap for rapid development. The average annual increase in 7 years was 725,000 vehicles, which was a change of quantity and quality compared to the previous three consecutive lapses of 53 years.

In the past seven years, from an annual output of 3 million vehicles to an annual production capacity of 10 million vehicles, the corresponding annual output in the 53 years from zero to over 3 million vehicles. The Chinese automobile industry has created the total output of the past 53 years in the last 7 years.

However, compared with the automotive industry in developed countries, it is not merely an order of magnitude concept. We still have a certain gap in terms of resource utilization, product level, technology content, model variety, overseas marketing and customer service. Form industry consensus.

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