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In the construction of marine and offshore engineering equipment, in addition to steel, many other special metal materials are required. Titanium and titanium alloys called "marine metals" are important members. Titanium and titanium alloys are receiving increasing attention from the shipbuilding industry due to their good seawater corrosion resistance, high specific strength, good impact resistance, excellent plastic forming properties and processing properties. At the "Seminar on the Development and Application Trends of Marine Engineering Materials" held recently, some experts clearly pointed out that although titanium and titanium alloys have already been used in China's ships and offshore equipment, they are still in Russia. Compared with countries such as the United States and Japan, there is still a big gap. China needs to further accelerate the development and application of titanium and titanium alloys for ships and offshore equipment to improve the development level of China's ships and offshore equipment.
Start early, the whole system
According to reports, as early as the 1960s, China has begun to apply research on titanium and titanium alloys in marine and offshore engineering equipment, and has done a lot of work, which has basically formed more grades and different performances. A complete range of marine titanium alloy systems. Due to its unique characteristics, titanium and titanium alloys are uniquely used in marine and offshore equipment applications, and are widely used in nuclear submarines, deep submersibles, atomic icebreakers, hydrofoil vessels, hovercrafts, and minesweepers. And propeller propellers, seawater pipelines, condensers, heat exchangers, etc. For example, China's "Harmony" deep sea manned deep submersible manned ball shell material is titanium alloy, the United States, Japan, Russia and other countries deep submersible manned spherical shell material is also titanium alloy. In addition, titanium is also non-magnetic, which can improve the anti-magnetic interference capability of detection instruments and tools, reduce the magnetic physics field effect of equipment, increase concealment, improve welding quality and production efficiency, which makes it applicable to ships. The potential is further explored.
In recent years, with the development of China's shipbuilding and offshore equipment industry, the application research of marine titanium and titanium alloys in China has made great progress. In 2012, China's titanium production was 51,557 tons, more than five times that of 2005's 10,135 tons. In the titanium and titanium alloy ingot production system, China has equipped a complete and advanced titanium and titanium alloy ingot production system, the technology has reached the world's advanced level; equipped with advanced mixed fabric system, VAR furnace (up to 15 tons) The EB furnace and the PAM furnace have a maximum slab ingot of 370 mm × 1340 mm × 5000 mm, which meets the requirements for titanium alloy ingots for marine engineering. At the same time, China is also equipped with sophisticated and advanced titanium and titanium alloy forging production lines, alloy extrusion pipe, rolling and welded pipe production lines, including 10,000 tons of free forging, 1000 to 5400 tons of fast forging machines and other advanced equipment, can produce a diameter of 10 Forging rods of ~600 mm and thin-walled and thick-walled pipes of 2 to 200 mm in diameter, with a maximum length of up to 15 m. In the production of titanium and titanium alloy precision castings, China has basically produced the production technology of titanium and titanium alloy precision castings. The largest integral titanium alloy castings can be produced with a diameter of 1500 mm X 400 mm and a minimum wall thickness of 0.8 mm. It reached nearly 800 kilograms.
Wide gap and wide prospects
Although China's marine titanium and titanium alloy systems have been formed, the application on ships has also increased, but it has not been effective between the overall design institutes, materials research institutions, component forming and application performance research units, and shipbuilding companies. Coordination and cooperation mechanism, the current application is still in a state of sporadic dispersion, and many key technologies are not mastered. In addition, compared with Russia, the United States, France and other countries in the field of titanium and titanium alloys for shipbuilding, there is still a big gap in China. In terms of the amount of titanium used, the amount of titanium used in a Russian submarine has reached more than 9,000 tons, while the amount of titanium used in China's ships and offshore engineering equipment is still small; in the application and research of titanium technology, Russia, Japan Other countries have already successfully built all-titanium ships, and China still has shortcomings in the maturity and stability of titanium processing and manufacturing technology; in the offshore oil exploration and mining, the United States is in an absolute leading position, and the application of a large amount of titanium is not only It has increased its level of exploration and production while saving a lot of mining costs, and China has few examples in this regard. In addition, there are still problems of insufficient consumption of titanium and overcapacity in China. In 2012, China's titanium ingot production capacity was 105,800 tons, and the actual output was 64,927 tons, but the actual consumption was only 50,331 tons.
At the same time, experts also pointed out that although the gap is now large, China still has relatively large development potential in the field of titanium and titanium alloys for ships and offshore equipment. In terms of ship applications, the amount of titanium used in ships in China is very small, accounting for no more than 1% of the total weight of ships. If China can reach the proportion of 15% to 20% of the amount of titanium used in Russian ships, the market demand for marine titanium will be very large. It is conservatively estimated that the market for titanium should be around 100 billion yuan. The field of petroleum exploration and mining is another target market with great potential for titanium alloy applications. The amount of titanium used in an offshore oil rig can reach 1,500-2,000 tons. According to the plan, China will build about 70 offshore oil drilling platforms in the next three to five years. If titanium materials are used, the amount of titanium will reach 140,000 tons. In addition, in terms of seawater desalination and coastal power plants, due to the current desalination of China and the huge demand in the coastal power station market, the market application prospect of titanium will be very broad in the case of further reducing the cost of titanium alloy and improving the stability of product quality.
Although titanium and titanium alloys have many advantages, they are also a new type of material for marine and offshore engineering applications. Experts suggest that in order to promote the further development of titanium and titanium alloy in the future, titanium for marine engineering should be included in the national new material development project, and a research and application research and evaluation platform for titanium alloy materials and technology for marine engineering should be established to promote marine engineering. The leaping development of titanium materials will enhance the upgrading and development of China's offshore engineering technology; promote the design guidelines, technical systems, application technical standards and specifications of marine engineering, especially for shipbuilding titanium equipment from the national level; Cost-effective production technology, optimize and improve China's marine titanium alloy system, establish a database of marine titanium alloy performance, and provide rich data support for the selection of titanium and titanium alloys for marine engineering.
February 12, 2024