Industrial clusters are an industry growth phenomenon in which the same industry is highly concentrated in a specific area and is a functional group that produces products in a certain area.

As the industrial cluster of the automobile industry, its main function lies in the specialization of automobile production and various resources in the clustering industry, and in particular, the ability to play a competitive mechanism in the division of labor in the industry.

The China Association of Automobile Manufacturers pointed out in its 2008 annual report of China’s auto parts industry that after 30 years of reform and opening up, the overall strength of China’s auto parts industry has been greatly enhanced, and it has revolved around the entire vehicle industry and the international market. Formed the three major auto parts industrial clusters in the three provinces of East China, Beijing, Tianjin, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Central China, and Southwest China.

Industrial cluster has become the main form of existence of auto parts industry

In the developed countries of automobile manufacturing, the development of industrial clusters often represents the level of development of the country's overall automotive industry. For example, the United States and Japan, the two countries with the largest auto production in the world, formed an automobile production center with Detroit as the center as early as the 1920s and 1930s; the latter revolved around several large vehicle companies. In the 1960s and 1970s, several major automobile production “towns” were formed. Like Toyota’s “Toyota City”, there were as many as tens of thousands of parts and components supporting enterprises at all levels. Although several major automobile-producing countries represented by Europe do not have centralized industrial clusters like the United States and Japan, they have gradually adopted more concentration and proximity in recent years in order to reduce overall costs and compete better with their competitors. The production supporting structure, such as Volkswagen, has opened up a China-like component industrial park in the cities surrounding its production base to attract excellent parts and components resources from around the world, including Chinese suppliers.

From the management and technology point of view, due to the need for lean production and modular technology, more and more parts suppliers take the form of approaching or even entering the main plant, and some sub-assembly lines of some auto manufacturers actually It is the completion of the assembly by a component assembly or module supplier, which not only guarantees the manufacturing technology requirements, but also saves inventory and transportation costs to a certain extent, and at the same time saves the most expensive labor force for Western countries. Resources.

Returning to China, China’s auto parts industry clusters are more colorful in form. There are parts and industrial bases built by old state-owned companies such as FAW Group and Dongfeng Group; The supporting components formed during the Santana car project; there are clusters of parts and components that are dominated by private enterprises, such as Taizhou and Yuhuan in Zhejiang; more are currently formed for a specific model or special vehicle. Parts distribution center.

If we talk about various parts and components industrial parks with more Chinese characteristics, parts and components parks at various levels, including national, provincial, regional, and even county-level parts and components parks have mushroomed like mushrooms. Although there is no accurate data, it is certain that the industrial cluster effect formed by more than 100 large-scale spare parts parks has become an important factor supporting the development of the Chinese auto industry.

Target customers more focused and more clearly defined

If some of the parts and components industry clusters represented by Zhejiang, Fujian, Hebei, Henan, and Shandong are mainly based on service aftermarkets and export markets, there is no clear OEM matching target; then the zeros gathered near the vehicle factory Parts suppliers are mostly serving the same OEM target. This feature is particularly prominent in the automobile parts parks established in the past two years.

Take the example of several auto parts parks that have just been established or are active in the past two years.

The Baoji High-tech Zone (Caijiapo) Automotive Industry Park in Shaanxi Province is a newly built 100,000 light and mini-vehicle project around the Shaanxi Automobile Group. It has assembled the Fast Transmission Group's transmission project, the Northern Power Engine Project, and the Shaanxi Kai Group. Supporting hubs and other parts and components projects, Shaanxi Tongli and Shaanxi Huaqiang's frame projects, etc., have signed more than 20 domestic backbone component companies.

In order to build Great Wall Motors as its primary purpose, North China Light Automobile City has already entered hundreds of parts and components companies including Great Wall Engine, Jinfengfan, Lingyun Industry, Lizhong Wheels and Tianye Gear. The medium-term goal by 2010 is to support Baoding City. The automobile production capacity reaches 800,000 and the sales revenue will reach 50 billion yuan.

Located in the North Mercedes-Benz Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. in Penglai, Shandong, a company’s presence led to more than 20 automotive manufacturing projects such as the Shandong Automobile Group, the conversion of Shunda Special Vehicles, and South Korea’s Daewoo, which have attracted Beichi Wheels and Xinqiao Machinery. More than 30 parts and components companies such as Delian Chemicals, Delian Storage, and Rongxin Machinery have settled down, covering more than 200 auto parts such as axles, wheels, transmission shafts, chassis, bumpers, and brakes.

As the automobile parts industrial park of Shenyang Xinnan New District, which is a more concentrated product project, is closely affiliated with automobile engine projects such as Aerospace Mitsubishi, Xinguang Huachen and Shenyang Aerospace Xinguang, and has successively introduced Shenyang Ishite auto parts and Shenyang Xinguang Huayu. Automotive pump industry, Dalian Guangcheng Industry, Shenyang East Fourth Ring Clutch and Canadian Lihe and other supporting enterprises. Their key projects such as engine water pumps, crankshafts, and cylinder gaskets are all at the leading level in the domestic industry.

Guangdong Zhaoqing, as one of the important auto parts industry bases in the province, currently concentrates more than 20 automobile parts manufacturers above designated size. The leading products mainly cover cylinders, cylinder heads, cylinder covers, and housings of various types of automobile engines. Pistons, cylinder liners, intake manifolds, valves, connecting rods, and automotive accessories are all small parts industrial clusters that are fully focused on automotive engines.

The reporter interviewed Wucheng County in Dezhou, Shandong Province, and concentrated more than 30 glass steel production enterprises. As a production base of China National Heavy Duty Truck in the field of FRP and other peripherals, a county in Wucheng has more than 140 auto parts companies, mainly producing rubber and plastic interior and exterior trims, molding, wheels, and so on, with an annual sales income of nearly 10 billion yuan.

Through the introduction of these industrial clusters, we found that their product goals are very clear, and the functions of the kits provided for the whole vehicle are more subdivided, and some of the bases are small, but they can give full play to the specialty of specialized division of labor.

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The ability to drive new industrial clusters can not be underestimated

Different from the above-mentioned several projects, the Suzhou Industrial Park, which mainly attracts foreign-invested enterprises, and the Component Industrial Park of Shanghai International Automobile City, show a high starting point, high standards and internationalization of new industrial parks. High and industry-driven capabilities.

As the largest economic cooperation project between the Chinese and Singaporean governments, as of June 2008, among the 14,500 Chinese and foreign companies that have settled in the Suzhou Industrial Park, there are a number of well-known parts and components companies that are among the world’s top 500 companies, such as Bosch, ZF, Germany. Delphi, DuPont, Hitachi, Japan, East Mech Engineering, Renesas Technology, Magna Canada, British BP and other auto parts and related products company. In the eight state-level scientific and technological achievements transformation bases that have been built in the Suzhou Industrial Park, the Torch Plan Auto Parts Industrial Base has a large economic scale. Thanks to the participation of heavyweight companies such as Bosch (Suzhou) Technology Center, Bosch Automotive Components (Suzhou) Co., Delphi Electronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., and the contribution of total industrial output value (2007 data) of 264.2 billion yuan in Suzhou Industrial Park, Auto parts companies do their best to become the main force.

Shanghai International Automobile City Component Support Industrial Park was formerly known as Shanghai Volkswagen Industrial Park. Since the 2001 Shanghai International Automobile City Construction Project was launched in Anting, the total investment in fixed assets of the park's settled companies has exceeded 30 billion yuan, and more than 280 projects have been introduced. Among them, there are 13 Fortune 500 companies, including Delphi and Magna. Lear, Baosteel Arcelor and other companies. The park has initially formed a car industry chain including bodywork, doors, chassis systems, safety systems, and interior systems, and it has developed into an important auto parts industrial base in China. Its long-term goal is to create and continuously innovate the automotive technology industry chain and gradually form a domestic first-class industrial cluster.

Compared to the two industrial parks that were developed earlier in Suzhou and Shanghai, the Shanghai GM Beisheng II and Jinbei A-class vehicle projects in Shenyang Dadong District, Shenyang, which began operations in 2008, were completed with the recent completion of the Delphi air-conditioning project. It further enhances the pulling power to attract relevant companies to follow up. According to statistics, the output values ​​of Brilliance Jinbei, Brilliance BMW, and Shanghai General Motors BJS are all worth over 10 billion yuan in 2008. The output value of the 12 new automobile parts and components companies newly introduced in the industrial park reached 3.3 billion yuan.

According to the plan, the second-phase construction of Brilliance BMW, Brilliance Jinbei and Shanghai GM Beisheng has been carried out in various degrees in Shenyang’s Dadong District. The planned output of BMW Brilliance BMW is 80,000, and the output of Brilliance Jinbei A-class vehicles will reach 150,000. The total output will reach 400,000 units; the Shanghai General Motors Beisheng Chevrolet Cruze sedan and the Buick GL8 commercial vehicle will have a total design output of 200,000 units in two shifts.

In the face of a planned production capacity of more than 600,000 vehicles, a large number of well-known auto parts companies at home and abroad have accelerated the clustering around Shenyang Automobile City. The Yanfeng Johnson Car seats and the Yanfeng Visteon subsidiaries of SAIC Motor have invested. Enter the park.

In addition, the automobile aftermarket project of Shenyang Guorui Automobile Auto Parts Expo Center invested by Beijing Guorui Real Estate with a total investment of 15 billion yuan, a total area of ​​1,000 acres and a building area of ​​1.5 million square meters was also in September 2008. Put into operation, it is expected that the annual turnover will exceed 10 billion yuan. Coupled with logistics companies that match the entire vehicle and parts, Shenyang’s Dadong District will become one of the few large industrial clusters that can drive a city or even a provincial automobile-related industry.

After a comparison of industrial clusters and scattered distribution companies, we have found that companies with good price/performance ratio and high profits are mainly concentrated in industrial clusters; companies that have won bids in global procurement and national auto parts procurement projects are mainly concentrated in industrial clusters; When selecting a new production base, the company will also use the industrial cluster as the main target area; when multiple companies start a new product at the same time, the fastest offline company is still in the obvious area of ​​the automobile industry cluster. This is where the charm of industrial clusters lies.

From Suzhou to Shanghai to Shenyang, to provide supporting high-tech component industrial clusters to emerging passenger car companies, due to the high quality and high level of companies they have and the international background they have, these new components Industrial clusters have played a huge role in driving the local automobile industry and regional economy.

Differences between Industrial Clusters in "Bohai Bay" and "Pearl River Delta"

"The current competition among enterprises has risen as a competition between one industrial chain and another, and it is a competition between a group of companies and another group of companies." This is what reporters heard when interviewing an automotive industry expert earlier. A concluding word. If we put this sentence on the emerging industrial clusters nowadays, we can realize how important the competition of industrial clusters or industrial chains is to enterprises.

For the time being, we do not look at the industrial cluster behind the relatively mature SAIC, FAW, and Dongfeng three major automotive groups. Compared with the Guangzhou Automobile Group, which ranks 4 to 6 in China, the role of industrial clusters in the group's industry and its potential may be even more obvious.

I remember that at the beginning of 2008, rumours about whether the Fuqi Group or Changfeng Automobile had been acquired by BAIC or GAC had caused dissatisfaction among the relevant persons of the two groups. However, realistically, the proposed strategy of “Baixing the Group and realizing leap-forward development” by BAIC, and the joint development of Toyota and Honda by GAC Group and its two major Japanese car partners, has seen the presence of Domestic Automotive Group II. The identity of the lineup has been a last resort. In the long run, regardless of the high standards demanded by the company itself or the local government, the ranks of the domestic first car lineup or at least the second lineup are self-evident.

Starting from BAIC, in the part platform supporting the five platforms of the enterprise group, the foundation of the Beijing Daxing Cultivating and Training Component Base and the first three phases of BAIC Molding, Beijing Lear, and IAC settled, marking the large-scale development of Beijing Automotive. New era started. After the establishment of the Beiqi Hainagawa Parts Platform in 2008, it has been signed with such well-known international parts companies as Johnson Controls, Lear, Visteon, Delphi and Shanghai Yanfeng Visteon, Zhejiang Asia Pacific, Shandong Xinghua, and Xuchang Far East, etc. A number of cooperation agreements. With the development of three parts industry parks including Beijing Daxing mining and Yangjing in Beijing and Huairou Temple City in Beijing, together with the existing supporting resources for Beiqi Futian, Beijing Hyundai, Beijing Benz and Shougang, etc. Beiqi Huanqiu Bohai Bay parts and components supporting the building of a comprehensive roll out, a complete Beijing auto parts industry system ready to come.

In contrast, GAC, in addition to the Group's GAC components and GAC Toyota engines, together constitute the shareholder resources of GAC Group - Wanxiang Group and China National Machinery and Equipment (Group) Company and Guangzhou Iron and Steel Enterprise Group Co., Ltd. and other related industrial support. In addition, a large cluster of Japanese companies clustered around Guangzhou, including the Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. in Nankai Science and Technology Industrial Park, and five auto parts companies including Japan’s Honda, Nissan, Toyota, Hitachi, and BASF, all of which are among the top 500 in the world, and Shunde, The industrial bases in Zhaoqing and other places have jointly formed a powerful "Pearl River Delta" Japanese parts industrial cluster.

Compared with the Hainachuan platform established by Beiqi, the Pearl River Delta's Japanese car industry cluster is mostly formed spontaneously by the company. It is basically a kind of market behavior and has strong vitality. In addition, Japanese parts and components companies inherited their cooperative relationship with Japanese OEMs and OEMs in Japan, and beat the predominantly European and US suppliers that have taken root in China in the Pearl River Delta region at a very rapid pace of development. Therefore, the final product - the rapid expansion of the vehicle scale, the cost of the entire automotive industry chain dropped significantly.

Correspondingly, the advantages and disadvantages of the supporting systems in the Bohai Bay region are the opposite of those in the Pearl River Delta region. Looking at the future of Beichuan's Heinerchuan parts platform, most of its subsidiaries will be dominated by BAIC Holdings and maintain many state-owned components. This is precisely the characteristics of Beiqi parts and components industry clusters in the future. How to make each single component company from different systems give full play to the skills of BAQ in one game is a big problem for managers. It may not be as simple as the relationship between Japanese companies in the Pearl River Delta. Moreover, with Beiqi's ambition to expand into the entire Bohai Rim region, the coordination and integration of industry clusters between Beijing's industrial clusters and different systems in Tianjin, Hebei, and even regions such as Liaoning and Shandong have determined that BAIC is even the entire Bohai Sea The prosperous or not. Moreover, before Beiqi cooperates with the supporting systems outside the Group, it must first resolve the coordination issues among the various parts and components within the Group. This does not seem simpler than the Japanese relationship in the Pearl River Delta.

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December 25, 2023