New nanotechnology for desktop production of optics

Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed an easy way to make ultra-thin optical flat panels. The new method utilizes simple etching without the use of acids or dangerous chemical etchants.

"We made it a reality with our greatly simplified method of designing iteration steps," explains Kimani Tucente, an associate professor in mechanical science and engineering published in this book. The study of Nature Communications magazine was done under his leadership. "This process, combined with nanostructured templates, can be used to create many different types of optics without having to go into a clean room to make a new template each time a new optic is made.

"In recent years, thanks to the technological innovations and the promotion of a wide range of basic science and engineering interests in society, it has helped accelerate the development of DIY, especially the low-cost microcontroller board," said Duchamp . "The steps to simplify and reduce basic design and manufacturing are the main attractions of DIY, but often at the cost of quality.We propose that plasma-assisted etching extends as an optical approach to the subject of DIY, With a moderate amount of quality damage, in particular, this will achieve the desktop optical manufacturing components. "

"Our approach is to intuitively design with diffractive optics by simply changing the surface methodology and the electric field enhancement of the metal nano-antenna, which is a typical surface-cell buildup," Chen Hao said. Previously a postdoctoral fellow at Tucson Laboratories and co-author of the paper, "Plasma-assisted etching of planar optical components for self-development."

According to Chen Hao's point of view, using a laser scanning template, a 2D array of bowtie-type nano-antennas supported by a gold pillar (with an area of ​​80 × 80 square microns) was immersed in water and observed under a microscope. Interaction between light and matter, through the nano-antenna enhanced to produce a strong thermal effect.

As a result, the gold layer of the nano-antenna and the glass substrate will undergo thermal expansion against their adhesion. With a certain amount of optical power, the thermal expansion provides the force to lift the gold layer off the substrate, thereby achieving the purpose of etching the metal.

"Overall, the workload in the clean room will be greatly reduced," Chen Hao said. "Once the template is ready, it looks like paper. With a conventional laser scanning light microscope, you can 'paint' the optics you need on the canvas."

This study demonstrates the fabrication of a variety of ultra-thin materials with feature sizes less than the wavelength of light, as well as the fabrication of planar optical components in the same stencil. The specific optical components manufactured by the researchers include a planar focusing lens (also known as a Fresnel zone plate) with a focal length of about 150 microns, a diffraction grating and a holographic transducer that impart angular momentum to the standard beam.

According to the researchers, this method of planar optical erosion and specialized templates can also be used for the preferential capture and sequencing of particles to create so-called "wallless" optical fluid channels.

Tucson directs the probe lab at the University of Illinois Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering. In addition to Tucson and Chen Hao, co-authors include graduate student Ding Qing, former graduate student Abdulleh, and Harley Johnson, a professor of mechanical science and engineering at the University of Illinois.

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