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There are three mines under the Shandong Gold Mining Metallurgical Group: Xiaoguanzhuang mine, mine and port in Zhangjiawa ore, copper and cobalt are contained magnetic iron ore deposits. Before 2002, only the Xiaoguanzhuang Iron Mine and Zhangjiayu Iron Mine were mined. Most of the copper metal in the two mines existed in the natural copper state, and the cobalt metal was in the form of cobalt oxide and the magnetite. There is a weak magnetic separation-re-election-flotation-reselection process, and cobalt metal is not recovered.
First, the occurrence of cobalt
With the in-depth development of the mine, the Gangli mine was gradually completed and put into operation, and the occurrence of cobalt metal in the company's ore was changed. The cobalt in the cobalt sulfide already accounts for 10.45% of the cobalt in the produced ore (Table 1) and has a recycling value.
Table 1 Results of phase analysis of cobalt in ore
Cobalt phase
Cobalt sulfide
Cobalt oxide
total
Metal amount
Distribution rate
0.0023
10.45
0.0197
89.55
0.022
100.00
The energy spectrum micro-area analysis of pyrite was carried out by electron microscopy, and the average content of cobalt metal was found to be 0.40%.
Second, the analysis of the selection process
(1) At present, the sorting process adopted by the company is a weak magnetic separation-re-election-flotation-re-election process. Because the process is designed for the selection of magnetite, imaginary hematite, and natural copper in Xiaoguanzhuang Mine and Zhangjiayu Mine, and cobalt oxide and magnetite are co-occurring in magnetite. In the crystal lattice, it is impossible to separate by means of sorting, so no research on cobalt metal recovery has been conducted. After the second phase of the project, the production of ore mines in Gangli has gradually reached production. The occurrence of cobalt metal in the ore is no longer in the form of cobalt oxide, but is co-existing with pyrite in the form of cobalt sulfide, which meets the conditions for separation. However, the modified separation process uses weak magnetic separation - strong magnetic separation - flotation - grinding - weak magnetic separation - strong magnetic separation - spiral chute - shaker process, cobalt metal recovery is still not considered (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Lu beneficiation plant in the second phase after the expansion process
(2) Combining the separation process after the second-stage project transformation and the copper-cobalt separation test process, it is found that the fineness of grinding-200 mesh 65% will bring difficulties to the future separation of copper and cobalt. There are two reasons for this: First, the fineness of the grinding measured in the current process. Because the red slate is pulverized with water, the measured fineness of the grinding is high, but the content of the red slate in the ore is one. determining the amount of the monomer solution which gives valuable minerals from the control brought difficulty; Xiaoguanzhuang mine hand, Zhangjiawa magnetite ore containing iron ore and magnesium oxide also artifacts (magnesium oxide and magnetite The formation of magnesite), which means that the implementation of high grinding fineness is not conducive to the recovery of iron metal, so that most of the illusory hematite is excessively dissociated into the tailings, causing the loss of iron metal. After the second phase of the project, the selection process will only re-grind the flotation tailings (grinding fineness - 200 mesh 95%) strong magnetic separation, and obtain some weak magnet concentrate. Flotation copper concentrate as the final concentrate. Therefore, after the second phase of the project, there is a defect that the recovery of valuable metals is not complete.
Third, the recovery of cobalt metal
(1) Analysis of the selection process after the second phase of the project transformation
The selection process after the second phase of the project was only considered for the recovery of iron minerals, but the direct recovery of cobalt sulfide was not involved. The author believes that early harvesting is the basic principle of mineral processing. Under the condition that the weak magnetic tailings are unchanged after strong magnetic separation after the second phase of engineering reconstruction, the particle size range of the strong magnetic concentrate is too large, and the copper and cobalt monomers are separated. To a lesser extent. Therefore, it is difficult to draw a copper-cobalt separation belt. According to the on-site production experience, the beneficiation process after the second phase of the project transformation, grinding-weak magnetic separation, weak magnetic tailings for weak magnetic sweeping, tailings and strong magnetic separation, weak magnetic sweeping concentrate and strong magnetic separation Concentrate consolidation is reasonable, but direct flotation is not suitable. The flotation should be fed to the mine for advanced grinding (grinding fineness - 200 mesh 95%), so that the copper and cobalt valuable metals can be separated into monomers, and the minerals after grinding can be sorted by a spiral chute, and the spiral chute is refined. The ore is subjected to flotation of copper and cobalt to obtain a mixed concentrate, and the copper-cobalt mixed concentrate is subjected to separation and flotation to obtain a cobalt concentrate. The copper-cobalt separation flotation test index shows that the cobalt metal content in the cobalt concentrate is 0.3%, the content is 0.34% at -0.154+0.074mm, and the copper has a good recovery index.
(2) Recovery test of cobalt metal
1. Source and test scale of the ore sample. The test samples were taken from Xiaoguanzhuang Iron Mine and Zhangjiayu Iron Mine, Gangli Iron Mine, and mixed according to the ratio of Zhangjiayu Iron Mine, Gangli Iron Mine and Xiaoguanzhuang Iron Mine in 2:1. Incorporating a certain amount of surrounding rock, the selected grade is controlled at about 36.00%, and the total ore sample is about 800kg.
The scale of the test is a laboratory segmentation test, and the overall layout of the test is carried out according to the process after the second phase of the project transformation. Firstly, the combined ore is ground to a fineness of -0.074mm and 65%. After grinding, the weak magnetic separation is carried out, and the concentrate is used as the final iron concentrate. The tailings are de-slurrited and concentrated, and the concentrated overflow enters the annular water to concentrate the grit. Weak magnetic sweeping, weak magnetic tailings for strong magnetic separation, strong magnetic separation tailings as the final tailings, weak magnetic sweeping concentrate and strong magnetic separation concentrate combined with concentrated dehydration, concentrated dehydration and then regrind (-0.074mm content 94%), re-milled products for copper-cobalt mixed flotation, mixed flotation tailings and then weak magnetic separation, strong magnetic separation, spiral chute selection, shaker selection (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Process flow after adjustment and expansion of the second phase of Luzhong Concentrator
2. Copper and cobalt mixed floatation system. Modified xanthate 21g / t, 2 # oil 4.3g / t, stirred for 20min. The test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Copper and cobalt mixing test results
product
Yield/%
grade/%
Recovery rate/%
Fe
Cu
Co
Fe
Cu
Co
Concentrate
Tailings
Feed mine
5.68
94.32
100.00
32.38
44.00
43.33
5.44
0.022
0.33
0.276
0.015
0.030
4.24
95.76
100.00
93.63
6.37
100.00
52.26
47.74
100.00
3. Copper and cobalt separation flotation reagent system. Lime 60g/t, 2# oil 0.1g/t, flotation time 10min. The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Copper and cobalt separation test results
product
Yield/%
grade/%
Recovery rate/%
Fe
Cu
Co
Fe
Cu
Co
Copper concentrate
Cobalt-sulfur concentrate
Feed mine
19.89
80.11
100.00
17.68
35.98
32.38
25.86
0.5
5.44
0.18
0.30
0.276
10.86
89.14
100.00
92.78
7.22
100.00
12.97
87.03
100.00
Fourth, the economic value of cobalt concentrate recovery
At present, the international cobalt metal price is 16 US dollars / lb, equivalent to the price of 35260 US dollars / t, converted to RMB 251899.2 yuan / t. According to the estimation of cobalt metal yield in the test process, 0.38% of cobalt concentrate is obtained in 19938.1t, cobalt metal is 59.8143t, and cobalt metal is 251,999.2 million yuan per ton. The value of cobalt metal is 150.672 million yuan per year, equivalent to 0.3%. The price of cobalt concentrate is 755.7 yuan / t, but in fact the purchase price of cobalt smelter is lower than the equivalent price of 755.7 yuan / t, it is understood that the current market price of 0.3% cobalt concentrate is 600 yuan / t, in addition to cobalt The sulphur content in the ore is 38%, the equivalent value is 76 yuan/t, the gold content is 5g/t, and the equivalent value is 600 yuan/t. From this, the total value per ton of cobalt concentrate is estimated to be 1,276 yuan. The annual total output value is 25.414 million yuan, deducting equipment depreciation of 1.532 million yuan, production cost of 300,000 yuan and workers' wages of 200,000 yuan, and deducting 13% of the tax of 3,303,300 yuan, and finally profiting 2010.167 million yuan, huge economic benefits, cobalt metal The recycling is imperative.
V. Investment
Since the recovery of cobalt metal is carried out after the second phase of the project is completed and put into production, the cobalt metal in the copper-cobalt mixed concentrate is separated and recovered. Therefore, according to the yield of the copper-cobalt mixed concentrate, only 2 sets of CLF-8 are required for the operation. The coarse particle flotation machine can be used. The auxiliary facilities increase the cobalt concentrate conveying sand pump, the pipeline and the cobalt concentrate filter and the cobalt concentrate ore bin (1 set of 3t grab cranes).
See Table 4 for the estimated copper and cobalt separation operations and auxiliary facilities investment.
Table 4 Estimation of investment in copper and cobalt separation and auxiliary facilities
Numbering
Project and expense name
Construction cost
Installation engineering fee
Equipment purchase fee
total
1
Civil engineering
50.70
50.70
2
heating
6.00
6.00
3
Lighting, grounding
3.00
3.00
4
power
9.30
35.20
43.50
5
Process equipment
10.00
40.00
50.00
6
Construction project investment
59.70
19.30
75.20
153.20
Conclusion
(1) Through preliminary experimental research, it is indicated that the concentrating plant of Luzhong Metallurgical Mining Group Co., Ltd. will make minor changes to the second half of the process on the basis of the second phase project, and add a small amount of equipment to produce qualified cobalt concentrate.
(2) The addition of cobalt to the concentrator of Luzhong Metallurgical Mining Group Co., Ltd. not only conforms to the relevant national industrial policies, but also is an effective way to increase the economic benefits of the company.
April 28, 2023