Compressed air is an important source of power behind the industry in terms of electricity. Compared with other energy sources, it has the following obvious characteristics. Please clearly understand that the transportation is convenient and easy to store. There is no special harmful performance, no fire hazard, and no overloading environment adaptability is inexhaustible. Its application scope covers industries and departments such as petroleum, chemical, Taijin, electric power, machinery, light industry, textile, automobile manufacturing, electronics, food, medicine, biochemistry, national defense, scientific research and so on. Mainly used for pneumatic transmission, pneumatic tools, cooling, instrument purging, drying, cutting and flame treatment.

The air compressor is the main body in the air source device, and the device for converting the mechanical energy of the prime mover (usually an electric motor) into gas pressure energy is a pneumatic air generating device for compressing air. It has the characteristics of large power running time, long power consumption and large cooling water consumption. The commonly used air compressors are piston air compressor screw air compressors; centrifugal compressors and vane air compressor scroll air compressors.

A group of equipment consisting of one or more air compressors and their aftertreatment equipment is called an air compressor station. The air compressor station is an important energy station of the factory, and it is also one of the main energy consumption equipment groups of the enterprise, accounting for 10~40% of its total energy consumption. In China, the energy saving of the compressed air system has not received due attention for its long time. The phenomenon of illusion demand, unloading waste, leakage, low gas production efficiency, and waste heat recovery is common. In recent years, along with the development of energy saving and emission reduction situation, optimization of compressed air system in operation technology, operation management and energy saving technology, improvement of energy saving potential, reduction of air compressor operating cost has become an urgent task for enterprise energy conservation transformation.

This paper mainly compares and analyzes the main energy-saving technologies of compressed air systems for the energy-saving problems of compressed air systems. The air compressor heat recovery technology and its application are introduced, and the energy-saving benefit analysis is described below.

1 Compressed air system energy-saving necessity The total input cost of the compressed air system includes three parts, namely, equipment capital construction cost, normal operation and maintenance cost, and system operation energy cost. The first two items account for only 25% of the total cost of the entire life of the compressed air equipment. In normal operation, the annual energy consumption cost of the compressed air system accounts for about 75% of the total cost of the system. However, most compressed air systems have serious energy waste caused by air compressor 3 non-full load operation, motor idling, frequent pressure unloading, and residual heat recovery. It can be seen that traditional air compressor stations have obvious energy saving space. The energy saving of the compressed air system is directly related to the production cost and investment benefit of the enterprise and thus affects the competitiveness of the enterprise in the industry.

2 Compressed air system main energy-saving technology In order to improve the energy utilization rate of the compressed air system, and to reduce the annual energy consumption during the operation of the air compressor while ensuring the production needs, various compressor manufacturers and automation equipment manufacturers have made a lot of efforts. At present, the main energy-saving technologies for compressed air systems are as follows: pressure flow control technology, air compressor efficiency, air compressor central centralized control system, air compressor frequency control technology, compressed air system pipeline Optimization, air compressor heat recovery technology and compressed air drying process improvement technology.

The above-mentioned energy-saving methods are not applicable to every factory and gas workshop. If the equipment is selected or improperly installed, it will not only bring energy-saving effects, but also cause the throttle of the compressed air to be throttled and the quality of the compressed air to be reduced. For example, the filter is selected. The flow regulating device of the device has a filtering effect, but it will inevitably cause the compressed air to be throttled, such as improper drainage, and increase the moisture of the compressed air, for example, without passing through the on-site inspection, blindly installing the flow regulating device to the air. At the exit of the station, if there is a high-pressure, high-flow device in the gas workshop, the pressure and flow rate will not be able to keep up, which will affect the normal operation of the gas equipment and even damage the gas equipment.

3 Air compressor heat recovery technology and application Air compressor is really used to increase the energy consumed by air potential energy during operation. It accounts for only about 15% of the total power consumption. About 85% of the electricity consumption is converted into heat that is discharged into the air by air-cooling or water-cooling to cause a large amount of energy loss. The waste heat recovery of the compressed air system can be carried out by using some technical measures and necessary equipment such as reforming the internal oil circulation system of the air compressor and utilizing the external heat exchange module; and fully utilizing the high temperature heat generated during the air compression process. Practice has proved that 30~90% of heat energy can be recycled through reasonable improvement. The air compressor heat recovery method can be carried out according to the different needs and conditions of each enterprise. The air compressor heat recovery technology is mainly applicable to air-cooled screw air compressors and water-cooled air compressors.

The recovered air compressor has a wide range of waste heat applications, such as the following: 3.1 Preparation of hot water, for bathing, etc. In industries with relatively poor working conditions such as casting, metallurgy and mineral mining, the residual heat of the air compressor can be recovered. Heat tap water to 50~60t for workers to take a bath. The welfare concept that originally required a higher cost can be provided free of charge.

3.2 boiler hydration preheating Most industries use boilers in the production process, using the residual heat of the recovered air compressor; the boiler feed water is further raised from the lower temperature before entering the boiler and then heated to the set temperature by the boiler . It can greatly reduce the burning cost during the use of the boiler.

3.3 Reverse osmosis pure water preparation Hot food and beverage, semiconductor and pharmaceutical chemistry industries often use a large amount of reverse osmosis pure water in the production process. Pure water needs to be prepared at a specific temperature of 25. When the temperature of the spring, autumn and winter water is lower than 25, equipment must be put in, and fuel is consumed to raise the temperature of the water. The waste heat from the recovery air compressor is used to produce pure water, which not only reduces fuel consumption, but also reduces the input cost of heating equipment.

3.4 Heating for heating In many areas, heating is required in winter, and this part of the heat is often provided by boiler heating. The waste heat of the recycled air compressor for heating not only saves energy consumption but also reduces the installed capacity of the boiler and further reduces the investment on the equipment.

4 analysis of heat recovery energy efficiency Take the 200kW air compressor as an example, the energy consumed by compressed air accounts for about 15% of the shaft power, that is, the waste energy of 30kW conversion waste heat accounts for about 85% of the shaft power, ie 170kW.lh Wasted heat of 146,000 kcal, 1d24h wasted heat of 3.51 million kcal, 1 year 360d wasted heat of 126.37 million kcal. If the supporting heat recovery system is selected, about 50% of the residual heat can be recovered, that is, about 40% of the power of the air compressor shaft; then the 200kW air compressor can recover 126317x50% of the annual heat = 63.158 million kcal. It is equivalent to saving 90.2t of standard coal per year. The energy saving benefit analysis is carried out with an example of waste heat recovery of a factory air compressor: the analysis is based on air compressor 24h loading, and the annual heat recovery is 360% of the air compressor shaft power of 40% of the standard coal. Calorific value 7000kcal / kg fuel calorific value 10200kcal / kg fuel price 8746 yuan / t electricity / heat conversion 860kcal / kW.h. Thermodynamic calculation commonly used values: t water temperature rise 1 弋 need heat 1000kcal bath hot water conventional dosage 100L / person summer / Winter hydration average temperature 25 弋 / 10 弋 domestic hot water conventional heat storage temperature 50 ~ 55 弋.

In a factory, there are 300 workers in three shifts. The bathing water is supplied to one oil boiler. The plant has one 75kW air compressor and two 160kW air compressors. The 75kW air compressor has a loading rate of 90% and 160kW throughout the year. The air compressor 1 is equipped with 1 and the average loading rate is 80%. It is now ready to recycle the waste heat of the air compressor to heat the bath water to achieve energy saving and emission reduction.

Calculate the amount of bath water per shift G=100Lx100=10000L=10t Talking about the development plan of park landscape garden Liuyuanyuan (Guiyang Baiyun Park) has created great potential for sustainable development. The development plan of the park landscape garden should be based on the basic idea of ​​“culture-oriented, people-oriented”. It conforms to the urban cultural heritage, the people's leisure needs, and the urban development plan. It needs to continuously meet the needs of different tourists under the premise of inheriting the historical culture. Beautiful, safe, casual and rich park landscape works.

The park is a product of the rapid development of modern cities. It is a public area built by the government and used for natural observation and rest. The park in the modern sense has only a history of more than 200 years. It was caused by the decline of private gardens and the increase of parks brought about by the expansion of the population during the Industrial Revolution. Modern parks have many functions such as improving urban ecology, fire prevention, health care, and shelter. The garden is a natural environment and leisure area created by using engineering and artistic techniques to transform the terrain, plant vegetation, and build buildings in a walking area. The characteristics of the garden are the characteristics of the gardens of different countries, different regions and different historical periods. Today's society is undergoing a major transition period. To fully implement the sustainable development strategy, to promote the construction of a harmonious society and to reconcile the people's beneficial growth, the contradiction between the leisure health care demand and the urban park garden development and construction should be based on history and culture. Based on the traditional Chinese garden planning theory and development model, the demand is in line with the development trend of the world park landscape garden to create a park landscape development planning strategy with Chinese characteristics.

1 In line with the cultural heritage of the city 1.1 Inheriting the historical genes of the city Our garden enjoys a high reputation in the world. The park brings life and leisure care to the citizens and inherits the beautiful yearning for the refined and elegant life of the city, region and even the country. The Humble Administrator's Garden and the Lingering Garden in Suzhou in ancient China are representatives of the peak of its design. After the Revolution of 1911, the intersection of foreign capitalist culture and traditional culture produced many parks, such as Zhongshan Park in Beijing, Xuanwu Lake Park in Nanjing, Hongkou Park in Shanghai, Yuexiu Park in Guangzhou, and Zhongshan Park in Hangzhou. After the founding of New China, China's parks have developed newly. The design emphasizes the organic integration of landscapes, plants and other natural landscapes, and also pays attention to the connotation of historical humanities. It also has the new style, new fashion and new style of modern parks. These park landscape works inherit the cultural genes of traditional Chinese gardens and pay more attention to publicity and welfare. For example, the Ming Palace Museum in Nanjing, while inheriting the royal culture of the Ming Dynasty, also facilitated the people's leisure to the maximum extent. The long-shaped park ruins show the Huihong royal culture of the Ming Dynasty and the history of this period in the early Ming Dynasty. At the same time, it also became the place for the transportation of the island's cultural goods and supplies in Bei'anmen Street. It is not a royal "private garden" but a public "park".

1.2 Highlighting the urban cultural heritage Park is the carrier culture of urban culture. It is the symbol of urban progress. Respecting history and respecting nature and respecting culture can design a good park landscape garden work to exert its great charm for the people's eyes. The cultural position of the garden must go through the intertwining and integration of historical culture and today's popular elements, so that visitors can feel the rich humanities and the atmosphere of the times, and subtly improve their cultural literacy. For example, the Olympic Park in Beijing has been relocated to become a “forest park with distinctive Chinese cultural characteristics; it will show the world the unique charm of Chinese landscape parks”, which is in line with the tradition of Chinese gardens and echoes the surrounding Olympic atmosphere. At the same time, the Olympic Park also has With a high scientific and technological content, it adopts the world's leading water quality simulation maintenance system, ecological greenhouse system, noise analysis system and other top technologies. It reflects the unique history of Beijing in the whole design. The city's outstanding technological competitiveness.

2 In line with the people's leisure needs 2.1 Improve the value of ecological services, improve the people's living environment With the rapid expansion of urban population, environmental pollution is increasingly serious, and there is a lack of outdoor leisure space.

The park's landscape garden has high value for improving the environment, ecological function, health care function, entertainment, aesthetics and other social public welfare values ​​in the sustainable development of the city. The large-scale greening in the city is a rare resource. The park landscape garden is not only a landscape, but also a green lung of the city. It plays a role in preventing sand, noise, oxygen and other functions. The most important way to solve environmental pollution is the construction of landscape gardens in urban parks. Therefore, in the development planning and design, the value of the ecological service that affects the quality of the living environment of the residents must be evaluated as the main indicator of the garden, and the greening regulations of the park should be further promoted to promote its healthy, rapid and effective development. For example, the atmospheric monitoring data of 8 atmospheric monitoring substations in Beijing in March 1998 showed that the best air quality in Beijing is Tiantan Park and the Mausoleum, and the weekly bulletin is maintained between 2 and 3 levels. The pollution index of other monitoring substations is higher than the surrounding areas of the two parks.

2.2 The leisure foundation for serving the people's leisure park landscape garden is a good visual environment. Others such as the auditory environment and the taste environment are also important factors for garden leisure. At present, the natural planting of parks and landscape plants in China is less than grafting and grafting, which can not fully reflect the park culture and is beneficial to the people. In the color design, the color rate is more than enough, the hue is not serious enough, but the affinity is not enough, the decree is more than enough, and the humanity care is not enough. In the design of hearing and taste, various high-tech means can be used for simulation. For example, the acoustic landscape of Beijing Olympic Forest Park includes the introduction of advanced noise analysis system in the audio range that can be perceived by human ears. The terrain is used to insulate the external noise and create natural sounds, especially in the design of wind tunnels in wetlands. The rustling of the bamboo leaves and other plants make the sound of the sound of the pines.

2.3 Convenient for the public welfare nature of the people's life park. The design of the park must be people-oriented to facilitate the people to visit the park to enter and exit as a design principle. The flashy design is a failure. Park design specifications pray for fuel 15.88t praying for fuel 23.82t visible air compressor waste heat recovery energy saving benefits. With the further increase in energy prices, the economic benefits of recycling air compressor waste heat have become more apparent.

5 Summary Compressed air system is a large-scale energy-consuming enterprise in industrial enterprises. It is a systematic project to carry out energy-saving transformation of high-energy-consumption compressed air system to improve its operating efficiency. Doing a good job of reducing energy consumption in the air compressor system has a role and significance in reducing the production and operation costs of enterprises to alleviate the shortage of power supply in China. Among them, the waste heat recovery technology of air compressor is a relatively advanced and effective means of energy saving and consumption reduction. It can produce significant energy saving effects and has a broad application prospect.

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April 18, 2024